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NAD+ is an essential coenzyme naturally present in human cells, participating in mitochondrial energy metabolism and cellular repair. NAD+ levels gradually decline with ageing, stress and irregular lifestyles. Scientific literature suggests that maintaining optimal NAD+ levels may help support mitochondrial wellness, cellular energy production, redox balance and fundamental cellular repair. This product adopts a sublingual oral dissolvable film dosage form to bypass partial degradation in the digestive tract for facilitated absorption and replenishment.
Study Title: Sublingual NAD+ Pilot Study Study Design: Open-label pilot study, n=7. Subjects received sublingual NAD+ oral dissolvable film supplementation for 6 consecutive weeks, with whole-blood NAD+ concentration monitored.
Figure 1 Changes in Whole‑Blood NAD+ Concentrations Following 6 Weeks of Sublingual Supplementation
Baseline: 25.6 μM
Week 2: 40.7 μM
Week 6: 45.0 μM
Increase versus baseline: +76%
Cellular Energy and Mitochondrial Support Research indicates that NAD+ participates in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and serves as an essential coenzyme for cellular ATP production. Elevated NAD+ levels may help sustain mitochondrial structural integrity, support mitophagy (clearance of damaged mitochondria), improve cellular energy supply, reduce feelings of fatigue and maintain metabolic homeostasis.
Cellular Repair and Redox Homeostasis Support As a substrate for PARP enzymes, NAD+ is involved in DNA damage repair pathways. It modulates cellular redox balance, helps mitigate oxidative stress, supports cellular wellness and facilitates healthy ageing.
Vascular and Metabolic Support Small-scale human trials suggest that boosting the NAD+ pool may help ameliorate arterial stiffness, assist in lipid regulation and preserve vascular endothelial health.
Orally administered free NAD+ is readily degraded by enzymes within the digestive tract. Sublingual mucosal delivery bypasses part of hepatic first-pass metabolism to improve absorption efficiency. This product adopts the sublingual oral dissolvable film dosage form based on this design principle.
YHY99 is a blend of four research-backed active ingredients: serrapeptase, Coriolus versicolor polysaccharide, quercetin and postbiotics. Targeting inflammatory exudate metabolism, immune cell modulation, oxidative stress scavenging and intestinal barrier maintenance respectively, the four ingredients work synergistically across multiple dimensions to sustain immune homeostasis.
Source: A proteolytic enzyme produced via fermentation of Serratia. Mechanism: It hydrolyses fibrin, inflammatory exudates and mucin.
Figure 2 Fibrinolytic Activity Assay of Serrapeptase
In vitro data: At a concentration of 300 U/mL and after 4 hours of incubation, the blood clot lysis rate reached 96.6%.
Research focus: It may help modulate inflammatory pathways, reduce the accumulation of excess pro‑inflammatory cytokines and ease chronic inflammatory burden; assist in breaking down inflammatory exudates to relieve tissue oedema and improve tissue permeability. (For dietary supplement use only; not an anti‑inflammatory drug.)
Source: Protein‑bound polysaccharides isolated from Coriolus versicolor, a well‑studied medicinal and edible fungal bioactive for immune modulation research.
Mechanism: Activates macrophages, NK natural killer cells and T lymphocytes, and regulates cytokine secretion.
Figure 3 Dual Modulatory Effects of Coriolus versicolor Polysaccharides on Immune Homeostasis
Key Feature: Dual modulation of immune homeostasis — it supports immune responses when immunity is low and calms excessive inflammatory reactions when immune activity is overactive. It is not a one-way immune stimulant.
Category: Natural flavonoid polyphenolic antioxidant. Mechanism: Scavenges ROS free radicals and regulates the NF‑κB inflammatory pathway.
Figure 4 Quercetin Reduces Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in RAW264.7 Macrophages
Primary Functions: • Potent free‑radical scavenging to alleviate oxidative stress damage; • Inhibits the release of pro‑inflammatory factors including TNF‑α, IL‑6 and IL‑1β, modulates the activation of dendritic cells and immune cells, and balances immune responses; • In vitro studies suggest adjunctive antiviral potential.
Definition: Inactivated microorganisms plus microbial metabolites (distinct from live probiotics). Mechanism: Acts on the intestinal mucosal immune barrier, regulates immune tolerance within gut‑associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), modulates cytokines and sustains systemic immune homeostasis.
Figure 5 Postbiotics Maintain Intestinal Barrier Integrity (ZO‑1 Staining in Caco‑2 Cells)
The gut is the body’s largest immune organ, and a stable intestinal barrier serves as the foundation of systemic immune function.
Postbiotics reinforce the gut immune barrier → Coriolus versicolor polysaccharides modulate immune cell activity → Quercetin scavenges free radicals and suppresses excessive inflammatory signalling → Serrapeptase facilitates the metabolism of inflammatory exudates. These four dimensions form a closed loop to collectively sustain immune homeostasis, deliver antioxidant protection and ease the body’s chronic inflammatory burden.
Part 3 References
[1] Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in Aging Biology: Potential Applications and Many Unknowns. PMC12102727.
[2] Nicotinamide riboside improves muscle mitochondrial biogenesis. Science Advances, 2023.
[3] Quercetin, Inflammation and Immunity. PMC4808895.
[4] Quercetin Administration Suppresses the Cytokine Storm in Myeloid and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. PMC8348289.
[5] Coriolus versicolor and immune cell activation. PMC6889544.
[6] Postbiotics and mucosal immune homeostasis. Trends in Food Science & Technology.
Disclaimer: Data within this document is for scientific illustration and business communication only. It does not constitute medical claims and is not intended to diagnose, treat or cure any disease.
